Direct Indirect Speech

Direct speech
Direct speech refers to reproducing another person's exact words or saying exactly what someone has said (sometimes called quoted speech)
This an example of direct speech :
-) She said, "Today's lesson is on presentations"
-) "Today's lesson is on presentations," she said

Indirect speech
Indirect speech, doesn’t use quotation marks to enclose what the person said and it doesn’t have to be word for word.
Example :
“I’m going to the cinema”, he said he was going to the cinema.

Tense change
• When reporting speech the tense usually changes. Because when we use reported speech, we are usually talking about time in the past. Note : the reporting verbs that are usually used to report imperative sentence are : Tell, other command, ask, warn, remind.






• When report what someone said, don’t usually repeat their exact words, use our words, we can use reporting word such as tell say as follow by “that clause”

Example :
my brother said that go to hospital
In time expression and pronouns :

Direct Speech Indirect Speech
Now
Today/ Tonight
Yesterday
Tomorrow
Last Week
Next Week
Ago Then
That day/ That night
That day before/ The previous day
The next/ Following day
The previous week
The following week/ The week after
Before
This/ These
Here
Pronouns That/ Those
There
They changes according to the context


Modal verb forms also sometimes change :

Direct Speech → Indirect speech
Will → Would
Can → Could
Must → Had to
Shall → Should
May → Might

Note : There is no change to ;could, would, should, might and had to

Example
Direct Speech Indirect Speech
“I might go to the cinema”, he said He said he might go to the cinema